Midterm Test Review: History Essay

Early colonyHalfway covenant- A puritan church service building document In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial membership rights to persons not nevertheless converted into the Puritan church It diminish the difference between the elect members of the church from the regular members Women soon made up a largishr portion of Puritan congregations.Massachusetts Bay Comp whatsoever-One of the first settlements in red-hot Eng make for established in 1630 and became a study Puritan colony. Became the republic of Massachusetts, originally where Boston is located. It was a major profession center, and absorbed the Plymouth communityMayflower Compact- A contract made by the voyagers on the Mayflower agreeing that they would form a unanalyzable organisation where majority ru direct.Plymouth Colony- Plymouth was the first persistent European settlement in New Eng footing, founded by the Pilgrim Fathers aboard the Mayflower.Puritanism-Belief that Catholic church was compl etely corrupt and wanted to remedy even to a greater extent. Supported Church of England highroad to RevolutionBoston Massacre-a riot in Boston ( treat 5, 1770) arising from the resentment of Boston colonists toward British man quartered in the city, in which the troops fired on the mob and kil take some(prenominal) persons.Declaratory map-In 1766, the English Parliament repealed the mold Act and at the same quantify signed the Declaratory Act. This document express that Parliament had the right to bind the colonies in all issues whatsoever. It is important in annals because it stopped the violence and lawlessnesss against the tax on stamps. Also, it restarted trade with England, which had temporarily stopped as a defiant re bring through to the legal tender Act.Proclamation of 1763-The Proclamation of 1763 was an English rightfulness enacted ulterior on gaining territory from the French at the end of the French and Indian struggle. It forbade the colonists from cav e in beyond the Appalachian Mountains. The Colonists were no chronic proud to be British citizens after the enactment. The Proclamation of 1763 ca utilise the first major churn up against the British. cast Act- In 1765 Parliament snuff ited the Stamp Act, requiring the colonists to pay for a stamp to go on many a(prenominal) of the documents essential to their lives. These documents include deeds, mortgages, liquor licenses, playing cards, and almanacs. The colonists heartily objected to this come up to tax and in testify petiti aced the king, form the Stamp Act relative, and boycotted English imports. In 1766 Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, a major victory for colonists.Virginia Resolves-These were statements made by doubting doubting Thomas Jefferson (Kentucky) and James capital of Wisconsin (Virginia) rebuking the Alien and revolution Acts. This was the first expression of the doctrine of nullification. practical(prenominal) representation-A bringing of an action on b ehalf of a party or parties unnamed, as in the subject field of a class action where a number of great deal cast an interest similar to the named party, and upon whom the motor lodges judgment will be binding. It is oft preferable to shake up a protector ad litem appointed to protect the interests of the nonparties. revolutionist WarBattle of Yorktown-The last date of the Revolutionary War, fought in 1781 near the slide of Virginia. There the British general manufacturing business Cornwallis surrendered his army to General George majuscule.Thomas Jefferson- Thomas Jefferson was a member of the House of Burgesses, wrote the contract bridge of Independence, was ambassador to France, and was the President of the United States of the States. He did all these things onwards, during, and after the Revolutionary war. With his firmness of purpose of Independence he declared the colonies liberty from England. While President, he bought the Louisiana bribe and had Lewis and Cla rk to explore it.Under the executive beginning of the in the altogether g everyplacenance, Thomas Jefferson was the Secretary of State. When horse parsley Hamilton wanted to create a new subject area bank, Jefferson adamantly spoke against it. He felt it would violate states rights by do a huge competitor for the state banks, then causing a federal official monopoly. Jeffersons argument was that since the Constitution did not say carnal knowledge could create a bank they should not be presumptuousness that fountain. This is the philosophy of strict construction. Thomas Jeffersons beliefs led to the creation of the political party, pop Republicans.Olive Branch Petition-Thomas Paine-Thomas Paine was a passionate and persuasive writer who make the bestseller, Common Sense in 1776. Paine had the groundwork idea that the colonies should set up America as an independent, democratic, republic away(p) from England. oer 120,000 copies of his book were sold and this helped spark t he colonists rebellion later that year.2nd Continental Congress-The encourage Continental Congress met in Philadelphia on May 10, 1775. Three delegates added to the Congress were benzoin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, and lav Hancock. The Congress took on g bothwherenmental duties. (United all the colonies for the war effort.) They selected George Washington as Commander in Chief. They support the colonies to set themselves up as states. On July 4, 1776 they adopted the Declaration of Independence. The Congress terminate March 1, 1781 when a Congress authentic by the Articles of Confederation took over. constitutive(a) flowAntifederalists- People against federalists in 1787 dis concord with the Constitution because they believed peoples rights were being taken away without a Bill of Rights also did not agree with annual elections and the non-existence of God in the organization.Articles of Confederation- The first constitution governing the unfastened States after the Revoluti on it was ratified in 1781 and it provided for a firm league of experience the legislative sleeve (Congress) had no power to put commerce or forcibly collect taxes and there was no national executive or juridic branch it was an important stepping-stone towards the present constitution because without it the states would never have consented to the Constitution. appoints of rights- The first ten amendments of the Constitution, the bill of rights was added in 1791 when it was adopted by the infallible number of states. It guarantees much(prenominal) civil liberties as let offdom of speech, relinquish press, and license of religion. write by James Madison.US Constitution- The mental home of our countrys national government was drafted in Philadelphia in 1787 the Constitution establishes a government with direct authority over all citizens, it defines the powers of the national government, and it establishes protection for the rights of states and of every individual.The Fede ralist-The Federalist was a series of articles written in New York news papers as a rootage of propaganda for a stronger central government. The articles, written by Alexander Hamilton, thaumaturgy Jay, and James Madison, were a way for the writers to express their belief that it is punter to have a stronger central government. The papers turned out to be a penetrating commentary written on the Constitution.Federalists-A United States political party consisting of the to a greater extent respectable citizens of the time Federalists lived a abundant the eastern seaboard in the 1790s believed in advocating a strong federal government and fought for the adoption of the United States Constitution in 1787-1788.Great agree- 1787 This agree was between the double and small states of the colonies. The Great Compromise dogged that there would be representation by population in the House of Representatives, and fitted representation would exist in the Senate. for from each one one s tate, regardless of size, would have 2 senators. altogether tax bills and revenues would originate in the House. This compromise combined the needs of both large and small states and formed a comely and sensible resolution to their problems.New island of Jersey Plan- a devise, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a single legislative sign of the zodiac with equal representation for each state. north-west Ordinance-The unitingwest Ordinance took place in 1787. They said that sections of land were similar to colonies for a while, and chthonic the control of the Federal Government. one time a territory was inhabited by 60,000 then congress would admit it as a state. The original thirteen colonies were charters. thralldom was interdict in these Northwest Territories. This plan worked so good it became the model for different frontier areas.Republicanism-The theory of Republicanism was that the government was under the authority of the people it governs. The power in the peoples hands is the basis for Democracy. The writers of the constitution used the Republicanism theory.Daniel Shays- Captain Daniel Shays was a ascendant veteran of the Revolution. He led a rebellion, fittingly named Shays Rebellion. He felt he was fighting against a tyranny. The rebellion was compose of debtors demanding cheap paper money, lighter taxes, and gaolbreak of mortgage foreclosures. He was sentenced to death further was later pardoned. The rebellion in 1786 helped submit to the Constitution and Shay somewhat became one of the Founding Fathers.Three-fifths Compromise-The three-fifths compromise was where a glum slave was counted as three-fifths of a person when they were counting the population. The gray states wanted them counted as one whole person for more congressmans in the House of Representatives. The northern states did not want them counted at all.Virginia Plan-a plan, unsuccessfully proposed at the Constitutional Convention, providing for a legislature of twain houses with proportional representation in each house and executive and judicial branches to be chosen by the legislature.Early USLouisiana Purchase- In 1803 Thomas Jefferson buyd 828,000 square toes miles of land for 15 million dollars from cat sleep the leader of France. The land mass stretched from the disconnect of Mexico all the to Rocky Mountains and Canada. The purchase of this land sprouted national pride and fastend expansion.Marbury v Madison- Sec. of State James Madison held up one of John Adams Midnight Judges fights. The appointment was for a Justice of the Peace military strength for William Marbury. Marbury sued. Fellow Hamiltonian and Chief Justice John Marshall dismissed Marburys suit, avoiding a political showdown and magnifying the power of the Court. This case cleared up controversy over who had final say in construe the Constitution the states did not, the Supreme Court did. This is judicial review. molybdenum Compro mise- Maine as surplus state, Missouri as slave state, slavery prohibited north of 3630Sacajawea- Shoshone channel and interpreter who accompanied (1805-1806) the Lewis and Clark expedition.Treaty of Ghent-It was an contract signed by the Americans and the British that agreed to stop fighting which potentially led to the end of the War of 1812. It was signed forward the Battle of New Orleans, but Americans did not learn of the treaty until after the victory at New Orleans. Americans assumed the victory for the war. The British signed quickly because they were more c formerlyrned with European affairs.Jackson, Middle 1800sJohn C Calhoun-John C. Calhoun was part of the New southerly Congress of 1811. He was a representative for southern Carolina and one of the original War Hawks. Calhoun supported the Tariff Bill of 1811 because he supposition the bill would lead to manufacturing in the south and cultivation of cotton. He later changed his mind, though, and opposed it because t he bill was being used to enrich Northern manufacturers.Lowell Mills- young women busy by Lowells textile company, housed in dormitoriesnullification- The federalist party had passed the alien and sedition acts to regulate the strong opinions of the republicans. These laws violated the freedoms of the first amendment tending(p) to the people, and prosecuted them for speaking out. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison protested the laws by writing the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, which asked the states to declare the laws null. They estimation that nullification was the rightful remedy. Virginia and Kentucky were the provided states that voted for this nullification, which is to make a law invalid. warrant Great Awakening- religious movements, traveling meetings, overdress of Baptist and Methodist ministries Charles G. Finney Worcester v Georgia- Court caseGeorgia cannot enforce American laws on Indian tribes.Antebellum USWilliam Lloyd post- William Lloyd Garrison printed Th e Liberator, a report abolition newspaper.Mason-Dixon Line- the border between Pennsylvania and Maryland, partly surveyed by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon between 1763 and 1767, popularly considered before the end of slavery as a line of demarcation between free and slave states.Paternalism- the system, principle, or practice of managing or governing individuals, businesses, nations, etc., in the manner of a father dealing benevolently and a good deal intrusively with his children The employees objected to the paternalism of the old president.plain folk- white yeoman of the guard farmersslave codes-In 1661 a set of codes was made. It denied slaves primary fundamental rights, and gave their owners permission to treat them as they saw fit.Nat Turner- Black priest led a revolt in Virginia 1831, killed 60 people(mostly women and children). This scared the Southerners because it was the first really unpeaceful action of the slaves. As a result slave codes were made stricter.Yeome n- An owner and agriculturist of a small farm.Road to civil WarBleeding Kansas-Kansas was being challenge for free or slave reproach during 1854-1857, by popular sovereignty. In 1857, there were enough free-soilers to overrule the slave-soilers. So many people were feuding that disagreements eventually led to cleanup spot in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces.John cook-John brownness was a militant abolitionist that took radical extremes to make his views clear. In May of 1856, Brown led a group of his following to Pottawattamie Creek and launched a bloody fire against pro-slavery men killing five people. This began raving mad retaliation against Brown and his followers. This violent dishonor against slavery helped give Kansas its nick name, shed blood Kansas.Dred Scott decision- Scott was a black slave who had lived with his scale for five years in Illinois and Wisconsin territory. He sued for his freedom on the basis of his long residence in free territo ry. The Dred Scott court decision was handed down by the Supreme Court on March 6,1857. The Supreme Court ruled that Dred Scott was a black slave and not a citizen. Hence, he could not sue in a federal court.Wilmot Proviso-Dispute over whether any Mexican territory that America win during the Mexican War should be free or a slave territory. A representative named David Wilmot introduced an amendment stating that any territory acquired from Mexico would be free. This amendment passed the House twice, but failed to ever pass in Senate. The Wilmot Proviso, as it became cognize as, became a symbol of how intense departure over slavery was in the U.S. reconstructionBlack codes-The Black Codes were laws that were passed in the southern regimes in the south after the obliging War. The laws were designed to regulate the affairs of the freed blacks. They were aimed to ensure a stable labor grant and they sought to restore, as closely as possible, the pre-freedom system of racial relatio ns. They recognized freedom and a few other rights, such as the right to marry, but they slake prohibited the right to serve on a jury, or renting or leasing land. No blacks were allowed to vote. They mocked the ideal of freedom and created appalling burdens on the free blacks who were desperately struggle to make it. The north viewed it as re-enslaving the freed slaves. They thought that if this was true then the war was fought in vain. These laws caused Radical Republicans to pass the Civil Rights Act in 1866.Compromise of 1877-During the electoral horror in 1876 between Hayes (Republican) and Tilde (Democrat). The Compromise of 1877 meant that the Democrats reluctantly agreed that Hayes superpower take office if he cease reconstruction in the South.Fifteenth Amendment-An internalization of black suffrage into the federal Constitution. The Amendment was passed in congress in 1869 and was ratified by the required number of states in 1870. in the first place ratification, Nor thern states withheld the ballot from the black minorities. The South felt that the Republicans were hypocritical in pressure that blacks in the South should vote. The moderates wanted the southern states back in the Union, and thus free the federal government from direct duty for the protection of black rights. The Republicans were afraid that once the states were re-admitted they would amend their constitutions and withdraw the ballot from blacks. The that ironclad safeguard to cease the tension was the Fifteenth Amendment.Andrew Johnson-What President after capital of Nebraskas assassination When 1864-1868( president) Why An accidental president who was an ex-Tennessee Senator. Johnson was Lincolns vice-president. He was a Southerner who did not understand the North, a Tennessee who had never been accepted by the Republicans, and a president who had never been elected to the office.Republicans feared that Southerners powerfulness join hands with Democrats in the North and wi n control of Congress. If the South ran Congress blacks might be enslaved once again. To protest blacks, Congress passed the Civil Rights Bill, but Johnson vetoed the Bill. Congress tried to have Johnson impeached. The bill to have him impeached passed in the Senate. The one great feat that Johnsons administration committed was the purchase of Alaska.Ku Klux Klan-In 1866, Tennessee formed one of the most worthy anti-black groups. They were against any power or rights a black might have. They were violent and frequently times they killed blacks to keep them in their place.Sharecropping- afterward the Civil War former landowners rented plots of land to blacks and poor whites in such a way that the renters were always in debt and then tied to the land.